问 题
“有一台1000kVA的老式变压器,现有负荷约200kW,如果要增加约600kW的新负载,这台变压器能否承受?”
kVA(千伏安)是视在功率的单位,kW(千瓦)则是有功功率的单位。除了视在功率和有功功率以外,还有无功功率,无功功率的单位是kvar(千乏)。
比如日常大家所交的电费,交的就是有功电量;
比如某个用电设备里面有电容/线圈,那这个设备在工作的时候,电容/线圈就会一直处于充电放电状态。因为电容/线圈一直充电放电,并没有真正消耗电,所以把这一部分功率叫无功功率。
电源(一般都是指变压器或者发电机)它除了要给用电设备提供有功功率以外,还需要提供无功功率。原因很简单,用电设备里面的电容虽然不耗电,但是它一直在充电放电,所以也需要占用电源一部分容量。
如果按1度电1块钱,在功率因数0.6时,该变压器可以产生600块/小时的经济效益;当功率因数达到0.9时,该变压器却可以产生900块/小时的经济效益。其实提高功率因数的作用远不止这么简单,还有很多,这里就不多说了。
注意:电力公司要求功率因数必须0.9以上,不然会有处罚;但是功率因数不能超过1,否则系统电压会升高,影响系统正常运行。
所以,1000kVA的变压器原来给200kW的用电设备供电,现在又加了600kW的用电设备,只要我们能把功率因数提高到需要的数值,变压器完全能够长期安全运行。
(文章来源:电力合伙人)
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With the above foundation, it will be easy to explain this question. The capacity unit of a transformer is kVA (kilovolt ampere), while the power unit of electrical equipment is kW (kilowatt). The difference between the two is that when calculating the equipment power kW, the power factor needs to be multiplied. That is to say, a transformer with a capacity of 1000kVA can only output 1000kW of power at full load when the power factor is 1, but it is basically impossible in practical applications. When designing, it is necessary to leave a certain margin, usually calculated based on a 90% compliance rate, which is more economical and reasonable, that is, 1000 × 0.9=900kVA. If we compensate the power factor to 0.95 or above through power compensation, then the transformer can output 900 × 0.95=855kW active power. Attention: The power company requires that the power factor must be above 0.9, otherwise there will be penalties; But the power factor cannot exceed 1, otherwise the system voltage will rise, affecting the normal operation of the system. The title states that a 1000kVA transformer originally supplied power to 200kW of electrical equipment, and now an additional 600kW of electrical equipment has been added. The total active power of the electrical equipment has reached 800kW, which still does not exceed the calculated value. So, a 1000kVA transformer originally supplied power to 200kW electrical equipment, and now an additional 600kW electrical equipment has been added. As long as we can increase the power factor to the required value, the transformer can operate safely for a long time. The copyright of this article belongs to the original author. If there is any infringement, please contact us for deletion