硅片在国际竞争中优势明显

硅片对于光伏产业的发展尤为重要。硅片可以分为单晶硅与多晶硅两种。对于单晶硅，隆基股份太阳能单晶硅项目是全球单体规模最大的单晶硅太阳能电池制造项目之一，计划可实现年产10吉瓦太阳能电池片，年产值可达120亿元。

技术层面，隆基股份选择了更具发展前景的单晶路线，且在单晶领域掌握了领先的金刚石切割线技术和单晶PERC技术。特别是PERC技术，隆基打破了24%的转化效率瓶颈，优势明显。PERC技术应用于单晶对电池效率的提升明显优于多晶，PERC技术应用于P型单晶可提升电池效率约1%，而应用于P型多晶仅可提升电池效率约0.6%。

业务层面，隆基股份选择重点布局技术资金门槛最高的硅片制造。在单晶硅片制造领域，形成寡头垄断，掌握定价权，占据了光伏产业链发展的核心要位。

对于多晶硅来说，其制作成本要低于单晶硅，具有较大的发展空间。国内多晶硅发展较好的龙头企业是通威集团。2021年，通威旗下永祥新能源二期5.1万吨高纯晶硅项目宣布启动生产运行，进一步巩固了通威在晶硅原料生产领域的领先地位。项目中1000吨电子级高纯晶硅的启动，意味着在电子级多晶硅国产化上实现了巨大突破，打破美日欧等国家和地区对中国的“技术封锁”以及国家集成电路基础原材料依赖进口的局面，为中国集成电路产业原材料的战略安全提供保障。

除此之外，作为通威光伏产业链的上游，永祥股份20年来通过持续不断的技术研发和工艺创新，从源头上解决安全环保问题，已形成完整的化工与新能源结合的循环经济产业链和物料能源自循环系统，提质降耗、低碳发展等各项指标均处于行业领先水平。

逆变器在全球占据领先地位

逆变器是光伏发电的“心脏”和“大脑”，直接材料成本占比最高。光伏逆变器是连接太阳能电池板和电网之间的电力电子装置，除了具有将电池板产生的直流电通过功率模块转换成可以并网的交流电作用外，更承载着信息采集、电站监控、人工交互等智能化应用的需求。

光伏胶膜市场份额遥遥领先

光伏胶膜和光伏背板主要用于光伏组件封装，可以对电池片起到保护和增效作用。由于光伏组件常年工作在露天环境下，所以光伏胶膜需要有在多种环境下的良好耐侵蚀性，其耐热性、耐低温性、耐氧化性、耐紫外线老化性对组件的质量有着非常重要的影响。

国内不少企业正在积极把握太阳能光伏发电产业的历史机遇，将光伏胶膜作为公司的重点发力方向加紧布局。从全球胶膜下游市场格局来看，光伏胶膜行业的核心厂商均集中在我国。

Silicon wafer has obvious advantages in international competition  

 

 

 

Silicon wafer is particularly important for the development of photovoltaic industry.  Silicon wafers can be divided into monocrystalline silicon and polysilicon.  As for monocrystalline silicon, Lonji Solar Monocrystalline Silicon project is one of the largest monocrystalline silicon solar cell manufacturing projects in the world, with an annual output of 10 gw solar cells and an annual output value of 12 billion yuan.  

 

 

 

In terms of technology, Longji has chosen the single crystal route with more development prospects, and has mastered the leading diamond cutting line technology and single crystal PERC technology in the single crystal field.   In particular, PERC technology, Longji broke the conversion efficiency of 24% bottleneck, obvious advantages.   PERC technology applied to single crystal can improve the cell efficiency significantly better than polycrystal. PERC technology applied to P-type single crystal can improve the cell efficiency by about 1%, while p-type polycrystal can only improve the cell efficiency by about 0.6%.  

 

 

 

At the business level, Longji shares chose to focus on the layout of the highest technical capital threshold of silicon wafer manufacturing.  In the field of monocrystalline silicon wafer manufacturing, oligopoly is formed and pricing power is mastered, which occupies the core position of photovoltaic industry chain development.  

 

 

 

For polysilicon, its production cost is lower than that of monocrystalline silicon, which has a large space for development.  Domestic polysilicon development better leading enterprise is tongwei Group.  In 2021, The Yongxiang New Energy Phase ii 51,000 tons of high purity crystal silicon project of Tongwei announced the start of production and operation, which further consolidated tongwei's leading position in the field of crystal silicon raw material production.   Project of 1000 tons of electronic level high purity silicon, means achieved great breakthrough on electronic grade polysilicon localization, break the Japan Europe and other countries and regions of China "blockade" technology as well as the national integrated circuit based reliance on imports of raw materials, raw materials for China's integrated circuit industry strategic security guarantees.  

 

 

 

In addition, as tong wei photovoltaic industry chain upstream, wing cheung shares over the past 20 years through continuous technology development and technology innovation, to solve the problem of security environmental protection at the source, has formed a complete chemical industry with the circular economy industrial chain and the combination of new energy materials energy since the circulatory system, mass consumption, low carbon development, etc. All the indexes in the industry leading level.  

 

 

 

The picture  

 

 

 

Inverters occupy a leading position in the world  

 

 

 

Inverters are the "heart" and "brain" of photovoltaic power generation, with the highest proportion of direct material costs.  Photovoltaic inverter is a power electronic device connecting solar panels and power grid. In addition to converting the direct current generated by panels into grid-connected ALTERNATING current through power modules, it also carries the demands of intelligent applications such as information collection, power station monitoring and manual interaction.  

 

 

 

Photovoltaic film market share is far ahead  

 

 

 

Photovoltaic film and photovoltaic backplane are mainly used for photovoltaic module packaging, which can protect and enhance the efficiency of the battery.   Because photovoltaic modules work in the open air all the year round, the photovoltaic film needs to have good corrosion resistance in a variety of environments. Its heat resistance, low temperature resistance, oxidation resistance and ultraviolet aging resistance have a very important impact on the quality of the components.  

 

 

 

Many domestic enterprises are actively grasp the historical opportunity of solar photovoltaic power generation industry, photovoltaic film as the company's focus on the direction of strengthening the layout.   From the global film downstream market pattern, the core manufacturers of photovoltaic film industry are concentrated in China.