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保证系统稳定
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能量备用
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提高电力品质和可靠性
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配置在电源直流侧的储能系统
图1、配置在电源直流侧的储能系统
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配置在电源交流侧的储能系统
图2、配置在交流低压的侧储能系统
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配置在电源直流侧的储能系统
现阶段，交叉补贴的存在和居民建筑用能局限性还不能刺激居民用户侧储能的配套应用，但随着光储技术成本的降低，工商业用户侧光储应用价值将显现。
The role of energy storage system in photovoltaic power station
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Ensure system stability
In photovoltaic power station system, photovoltaic output power curve and load curve have great differences, and both have unpredictable fluctuation characteristics. Through energy storage and buffering of energy storage system, the system can still operate at a stable output level even in the case of rapid fluctuation of load.
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The standby energy
The energy storage system can play a backup and transition role when photovoltaic power generation cannot operate normally. For example, when the battery array cannot generate power at night or on rainy days, the energy storage system will play a backup and transition role. The amount of its energy storage capacity depends on the demand of the load.
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Improve the quality and reliability of electricity
The energy storage system can also prevent the voltage spike, voltage drop and other external disturbances on the load caused by the fluctuation of the grid to the system, the use of enough energy storage systems can ensure the quality and reliability of power output.
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The main modes of energy storage systems
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The energy storage system is configured on the DC side of the power supply
The energy storage system configured on the DC side of the power supply can mainly be installed in the DC system such as photovoltaic power generation. In this design, the battery combination photovoltaic power generation array can be connected and regulated in the DC section of the inverter, as shown in Figure 1. The photovoltaic power generation system and the battery energy storage system in the system share an inverter, but due to the large difference between the charging and discharging characteristics of the battery and the output characteristics of the photovoltaic power array, the maximum power tracking system (MPPT) in the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter in the original system is specially designed to match the photovoltaic output characteristics. The output characteristic curve of the storage battery cannot be simultaneously satisfied. Therefore, such systems need to transform or redesign the original system inverter, not only need to make the inverter can meet the requirements of photovoltaic array inverter, but also need to increase the battery charge and discharge controller, and battery energy management and other functions. Generally speaking, the system is one-way output, that is to say, the battery in the system is completely dependent on photovoltaic power generation to charge, the power grid is not able to charge the battery.
The picture
Figure 1. Energy storage system configured at dc side of power supply
Electricity from photovoltaic array in the system automatic dc inverter in front and battery balance, the main characteristic of this model is system of high efficiency and power output can be made of photovoltaic power station internal operation, can achieve a seamless connection, the output power quality is good, the output fluctuation is very small, etc., can greatly improve the photovoltaic output smooth, stability and control performance, The disadvantage is that the inverter used needs special design and is not suitable for upgrading the existing photovoltaic power stations that have been installed. Another disadvantage is that the batteries in the system can only receive power from the same unit to charge them, not the excess power from other nearby PHOTOVOLTAIC units or power stations. In other words, it lacks the internal power distribution function of a large power station.
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The energy storage system is configured on the AC side of the power supply
Configuration is also called the power ac side of the energy storage system configuration in the ac side of the energy storage system, unit type ac side of the energy storage model shown in figure 2, it USES a separate charge and discharge controller and inverter to battery charging and inverter, this scheme is actually to the existing photovoltaic power generation system plugins an energy storage device, It can be upgraded and installed in any kind of photovoltaic power station or even wind power station or other power station to form the in-station energy storage system, or it can be built into a completely independent energy storage power station according to the needs of the power grid.
This model overcomes the dc energy storage system can't be extra electricity unified scheduling problem, the system charge or discharge completely controlled by the intelligent control system or controlled by the power grid scheduling, it not only can focus within the total surplus electricity to rapid and efficient energy storage system of charging, even cheap low excess power grid scheduling stand outside, Make the system run more convenient and effective.
The picture
Figure 2. Side energy storage system configured at AC low voltage
Another mode of the energy storage system connected to the AC side is to connect the energy storage system to the power grid, as shown in Figure 3. Obviously, the difference between these two energy storage systems is only the access point. The former connects the energy storage part to the AC low-voltage side and shares a transformer with the original PHOTOVOLTAIC power station, while the latter forms an independent energy storage power station mode and directly connects the energy storage system to the high-voltage power grid.
Ac side access scheme is not only suitable for power grid energy storage, but also widely used in relatively isolated areas such as islands, forming relatively independent micro-grid power supply system. The ac side access energy storage system can not only be implemented in new power stations, but also can be easily transformed and additional construction for existing power stations. Moreover, the circuit structure is clear, and the power field and energy storage field can be constructed separately, with little direct correlation with each other, so it is also convenient for operation control and maintenance. The disadvantage is that since power generation and energy storage are independent from each other, the coordination and control between them requires a special intelligent control and scheduling system, so the cost is relatively high.
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The energy storage system is configured on the DC side of the power supply
The load side energy storage system mainly refers to emergency power supply and mobile electric equipment, such as rechargeable electric vehicles, power tools and mobile phones.
At present, the existence of cross-subsidy and the limitation of residential building energy consumption cannot stimulate the supporting application of residential user-side energy storage, but with the reduction of the cost of optical storage technology, the application value of industrial and commercial user-side optical storage will appear.